1.概述
route用于查看路由表、增加路由、删除路由、修改路由表等操作。
2.路由类型
a.主机路由：表示指向单个IP地址或主机名的路由
b.网络路由：表示指向某个网路的路由
c.默认路由：表示不能再路由表中找到的目标主机或网路的路由
3.命令
a.显示数字地址（不解析主机名）
route -n,该命令经常使用，由于直接输入route主机会去接析主机名，有时候会耗用较长时间。
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| [root@smart Desktop]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1
192.168.122.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
[root@smart Desktop]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
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输出项说明：
| 输出项 |
含义 |
| Destination |
目标网段或者主机 |
| Gateway |
网关地址，”*” 表示目标是本主机所属的网络，不需要路由 |
| Genmask |
网络掩码 |
| Flags |
标记。一些可能的标记如下： |
|
U-路由是活动的 |
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H-目标是一个主机 |
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G-路由指向网关 |
|
R- 恢复动态路由产生的表项 |
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D-由路由的后台程序动态地安装 |
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M-由路由的后台程序修改 |
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!-拒绝路由 |
| Metric |
路由距离，到达指定网络所需的中转数 |
| Ref |
路由项引用次数 |
| Use |
此路由项被路由软件查找的次数 |
| Iface |
该路由表项对应的输出接口 |
b.查看内核路由表缓存
-F
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| [root@smart Desktop]# route -C
Kernel IP routing cache
Source Destination Gateway Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.1.108 ns.szptt.net.cn 192.168.1.1 0 0 64 eth0
192.168.1.108 14.215.177.39 192.168.1.1 0 0 181 eth0
192.168.1.108 14.215.177.38 192.168.1.1 0 0 1 eth0
192.168.1.108 14.215.177.39 192.168.1.1 0 0 181 eth0
192.168.1.108 ns.szptt.net.cn 192.168.1.1 0 0 72 eth0
192.168.1.1 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.108 il 0 0 20 lo
192.168.1.108 a184-25-56-157. 192.168.1.1 0 1 0 eth0
10.9.0.1 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.108 l 0 0 5 lo
10.9.0.1 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.108 l 0 0 2 lo
a184-25-56-157. 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.108 l 0 1 0 lo
ns.szptt.net.cn 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.108 l 0 0 18 lo
192.168.1.108 14.215.177.38 192.168.1.1 0 0 1 eth0
[root@smart Desktop]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
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4.路由配置
a.添加路由
1）添加主机路由
route add -host 192.168.1.100 dev eth0
route add -host 192.168.2.100 gw 192.168.1.1
2）添加网络路由
route add -net 172.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 eth0
route add -net 172.168.2.0/24 eth0
route add -net 172.168.3.0/24 dev eth0
route add -net 172.168.4.0/24 dev eth0 gw 192.168.1.1
route add -net 172.168.5.0/24 gw 192.168.1.1
3）添加默认路由
route add default gw 192.168.1.7
route add 0.0.0.0 gw 172.168.1.1
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| [root@smart Desktop]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1
192.168.2.100 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.2.101 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
172.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
172.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
172.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
172.168.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
172.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
172.168.5.0 192.168.1.7 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
172.168.5.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1
172.168.4.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.7 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
0.0.0.0 192.168.1.7 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
[root@smart Desktop]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default 172.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1
192.168.2.100 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.2.101 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
172.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
172.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
172.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
172.168.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
172.168.2.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
172.168.5.0 192.168.1.7 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
172.168.5.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1
172.168.4.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.122.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
default 192.168.42.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
default 192.168.42.7 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
default 192.168.1.7 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
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b.删除路由
删除与添加相反，只需将add换为del即可，另外删除路由可以不添加网关和设备标识
1）删除主机路由
route del -host 192.168.1.100 dev eth0
route del -host 192.168.2.100 gw 192.168.1.1
route del -host 192.168.1.100
route del -host 192.168.2.100
2）添加网络路由
route del -net 172.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 eth0
route del -net 172.168.2.0/24 eth0
route del -net 172.168.3.0/24 dev eth0
route del -net 172.168.4.0/24 dev eth0 gw 192.168.1.1
route del -net 172.168.5.0/24 gw 192.168.1.1
3）添加默认路由
route del default gw 192.168.1.7
route del 0.0.0.0 gw 172.168.1.1
